If the HPV causes abnormal cells to start growing, these cells can be removed or destroyed. HPV also has a role in causing cancers of the penis , anus , vagina , vulva , mouth and throat.
Smoking , which is also linked with these cancers, may work with HPV to increase cancer risk. Other genital infections may also increase the risk that HPV will cause cancer. You can get more details in HPV and Cancer. Vaccines are now available to help protect children and young adults against infection from the main cancer-causing HPV types. These vaccines are approved for use in females and males and are given as a series of injections shots.
The vaccines can only be used to help prevent HPV infection — they do not stop or help treat an existing infection. To be most effective, the vaccine series should be given before a person becomes sexually active has sex with another person.
See HPV Vaccines for more on this. EBV is a type of herpes virus. Most people in the United States are infected with EBV by the end of their teen years, although not everyone develops the symptoms of mono. As with other herpes virus infections, EBV infection is life-long, even though most people have no symptoms after the first few weeks.
EBV infects and stays in certain white blood cells in the body called B lymphocytes also called B cells. It may also be linked to Hodgkin lymphoma and some cases of stomach cancer. Overall, very few people who have been infected with EBV will ever develop these cancers. But this number is much higher in some other countries, where both viral hepatitis and liver cancer are much more common.
Some research also suggests that long-term HCV infection might be linked with some other cancers, such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma. They can also be passed on through blood transfusions, but this is rare in the United States because donated blood is tested for these viruses. Of the 2 viruses, infection with HBV is more likely to cause symptoms, such as a flu-like illness and jaundice yellowing of the eyes and skin.
Most adults recover completely from HBV infection within a few months. Only a very small portion of adults go on to have chronic HBV infections, but this risk is higher in young children. People with chronic HBV infections have a higher risk for liver cancer. HCV is less likely to cause symptoms than HBV, but it is more likely to cause chronic infection, which can to lead to liver damage or even cancer.
An estimated 3. To help find some of these unknown infections, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC recommends that all people born between and as well as some other people at high risk get blood tests to check for HCV. Once an infection is found, treatment and preventive measures can be used to slow liver damage and reduce cancer risk.
Both hepatitis B and C infections can be treated with drugs. Treating chronic hepatitis C infection with a combination of drugs for at least a few months can get rid of HCV in many people. A number of drugs can also be used to help treat chronic hepatitis B.
This includes people infected with HIV, men who have sex with men, injection drug users, people in certain group homes, people with certain medical conditions and occupations such as health care workers , and others.
Known routes of spread include:. HIV is not spread by insects, through water, or by casual contact such as talking, shaking hands, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or from sharing dishes, bathrooms, kitchens, phones, or computers. It is not spread through saliva, tears, or sweat. HHV-8 is mostly spread by saliva, although it can also be transmitted through sexual contact, organ transplants, and blood transfusions.
It causes a rare type of cancer called Kaposi sarcoma. This cancer affects the lining of blood vessels and lymph vessels. HHV-8 can be found in the cells of these tissues. Normally, the immune system keeps the virus under control. However, people who have a weakened immune system, due to HIV for example, are at an increased risk for developing Kaposi sarcoma.
This is because their immune system may not be able to keep the HHV-8 in check. Some types of cause warts to form on the skin, while others cause warts to form on the genitals , throat , or anus. However, HPV infection may not always cause symptoms. Many types of HPV are spread through skin-to-skin contact during vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Because the virus can spread through skin contact, condom and dental dam use can lower, but not completely prevent, the chances of transmission.
Many people with an HPV infection eventually go on to clear it. However, in some cases long-term HPV infection can lead to cellular changes that can contribute to the development of several cancers, including those of the:. As a retrovirus, part of the HTLV lifecycle involves integrating viral genes into the those of the host cell. This may affect how the cell grows or expresses its genes and can potentially lead to cancer.
Many people with HTLV infections have no symptoms. MCV is a recently discovered virus. MCV was first identified in cell samples from a type of cancer called Merkel cell carcinoma, a rare type of skin cancer. There are several factors that can influence whether infection with an oncogenic virus will progress to cancer. These can include things like the health of your immune system, genetics, and environment.
Cancer is also a complex disease with many factors that can affect its development. This makes it tricky to say that a virus directly causes cancer. In addition to getting vaccinated, you can do several other things to help prevent viral infection, such as:. Several viruses, known as oncogenic viruses, are associated with cancer. These viruses can cause mutations, affect gene expression, or lead to chronic inflammation.
Some types of foods and cooking methods can produce carcinogens, or compounds that increase the risk of cancer. Learn more about the foods to avoid. Epstein-Barr is one of the most common viruses that affects humans. Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission.
We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. But viruses can cause some cancers, particularly in people with high-risk behavior such as:. Infections in those cells can become more dangerous. The best way to protect yourself from virus-induced cancer is to protect yourself from getting the virus in the first place. That includes avoiding high-risk behaviors, such as having unprotected sex, using illegal drugs and sharing needles.
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